• Cross-border governance emerges as a regional governance form shaped by supranational contexts; comparative EU and North American contexts reveal institutionalization, flexible networks, and evolving political spaces that redefine borders as governance instruments [4], [14], [12], [5], [11].

• Strategic boundary decisions in multinational activity center on entry mode choices, firm boundaries, and cross-border acquisitions; evidence highlights knowledge transfer via cross-border teams, expatriate managers, and organizational adaptation as value drivers [7], [16], [8], [18], [17].

• Culture and identities shape cross-border performance and collaboration; national cultural distance interacts with border meanings, influencing integration, negotiation, and the success of cross-border activities [3], [1], [15].

• Economic integration and border effects underpin cross-border economics: the development of cross-border relations, price/trade wedges, and capital movements across banking and equity markets [2], [19], [13], [17].

• Security-oriented border policing and policy changes restructure cross-border interaction, from policing regimes to security-centric border management narratives [9], [20], [15].